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<TITLE>[Chapter 17] ResourceBundle</TITLE>
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<DIV CLASS=refnamediv>
<H1>ResourceBundle</H1>

<H2>Name</H2>

ResourceBundle

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.139">Synopsis</A></h2>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Class Name:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>java.util. 
ResourceBundle</tt>

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Superclass:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>java.lang.Object</tt>

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Immediate Subclasses:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>java.util.ListResourceBundle</tt>,
<tt CLASS=literal>java.util.PropertyResourceBundle</tt>

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Interfaces Implemented:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
None

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Availability:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
New as of JDK 1.1 </DL>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.140">Description</A></h2>

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> class is 
an <tt CLASS=literal>abstract</tt> class that represents 
a set of localized data. An application retrieves a <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
based on its locale. A <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
can contain GUI labels and other locale-specific information that the application 
needs to run in a specific locale. 

<P CLASS=para>
Conceptually, a resource bundle is a set of related classes that all inherit 
from a particular subclass of <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>. 
The base resource bundle defines all of the resources for a particular 
application, while each of the subclasses specifies the appropriate values 
for a particular locale. Each subclass has the same base name, plus a suffix 
that identifies its locale. 

<P CLASS=para>
A static method, <tt CLASS=literal>getBundle()</tt>, 
is used to locate a resource bundle for a particular locale. This method 
searches for resources in two forms. First, it looks for a subclass of 
<tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> or <tt CLASS=literal>ListResourceBundle</tt> 
with the appropriate name. If one is found, an instance of the class is 
created and returned. If no appropriate subclass can be found, <tt CLASS=literal>getBundle()</tt> 
then searches for a property file with the appropriate name. If one is 
found, a <tt CLASS=literal>PropertyResourceBundle</tt> 
is created from the file and returned. 

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>getBundle()</tt> method constructs 
a name from a specified base resource name and the locale. It then searches 
for either a class or a property file with this name. If the method fails 
to find an exact match, it tries to find a close match. The method constructs 
names by dropping to the next name on the list if 
the current name cannot be found: 

<P>
<UL CLASS=itemizedlist>
<li CLASS=listitem>base + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ language + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ country + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ variant 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>base + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ language + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ country 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>base + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ language 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>base 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>base + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ default language + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ default country + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ default variant 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>base + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ default language + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ default country 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>base + "<tt CLASS=literal>_</tt>" 
+ default language 

<P>
</UL>
<P CLASS=para>
For example, if you call <tt CLASS=literal>getBundle('Labels',</tt> 
<tt CLASS=literal>new</tt> <tt CLASS=literal>Locale('it',</tt> 
<tt CLASS=literal>'IT',</tt> <tt CLASS=literal>'Be'))</tt>, 
the method looks for a class or property file with one of the following 
names (assuming the default locale is the United States): 

<P>
<UL CLASS=itemizedlist>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels_it_IT_Be</tt> 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels_it_IT</tt> 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels_it</tt> 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels</tt> 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels_en_US_Be</tt> 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels_en_US</tt> 

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem><tt CLASS=literal>Labels_en</tt> 

<P>
</UL>
<P CLASS=para>
A particular <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
object contains a set of key/value pairs that defines the resources 
for a particular application. The keys are always <tt CLASS=literal>String</tt> 
objects that name the resources, while the values can be any sort of object 
needed for the application. The <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
class defines convenience methods for retrieving <tt CLASS=literal>String</tt>
and <tt CLASS=literal>String[]</tt> objects. If you 
need to use other kinds of objects, you can use the <tt CLASS=literal>getObject()</tt> 
method to retrieve them and simply cast the results to the appropriate 
types. 

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.141">Class Summary</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=screen>
<P>
<PRE>
public abstract class java.util.ResourceBundle extends java.lang.Object {
  // Variables
  protected ResourceBundle parent;
  // Class Methods
  public final static ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName);
  public final static ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName, 
                                              Locale locale);
  // Instance Methods
  public abstract Enumeration getKeys();
  public final Object getObject(String key)j;
  public final String getString(String key);
  public final String[] getStringArray(String key);
  // Protected Instance Methods
  protected abstract Object handleGetObject(String key);
  protected void setParent(ResourceBundle parent);
}
</PRE>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.142">Variables</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.238">parent</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.271">protected ResourceBundle parent</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The parent <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> of 
this <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>. If this 
<tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> does not contain 
a particular resource, its parent is searched. The parent can be set using 
<tt CLASS=literal>setParent()</tt>. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.143">Class Methods</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.239">getBundle</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.272"><DIV CLASS=screen> <P> <PRE> public final static ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName) throws MissingResourceException </PRE> </DIV></A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>baseName</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The resource name. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The named <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> for 
the default locale. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>MissingResourceException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If a matching <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> can't be located. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method finds or constructs the appropriate <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
subclass specified by <tt CLASS=literal>baseName</tt> 
and localized for the default locale. See the description of the <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
class for more information about how this method works. </DL>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.273"><DIV CLASS=screen> <P> <PRE> public final static ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName, Locale locale) </PRE> </DIV></A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>baseName</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The resource name.

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>locale</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>Locale</tt> to use. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The named <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> for 
the given locale. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>MissingResourceException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If a matching <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> can't be located. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method finds or constructs the appropriate <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
subclass specified by <tt CLASS=literal>baseName</tt> 
and localized for the given locale. See the description of the <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
class for more information about how this method works. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.144">Instance Methods</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.240">getKeys</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.274">public abstract Enumeration getKeys()</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The keys in the <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
as an <tt CLASS=literal>Enumeration</tt>. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns an <tt CLASS=literal>Enumeration</tt> 
that iterates through the keys in this <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>. 
A subclass of <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
must provide an implementation for this method. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.241">getObject</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.275"><DIV CLASS=screen> <P> <PRE> public final Object getObject(String key) throws MissingResourceException </PRE> </DIV></A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>key</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The key of the resource 
to retrieve. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt> identified by <tt CLASS=literal>key</tt>. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>MissingResourceException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If the resource cannot be found. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns the named resource as an <tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt>. 
If the named resource is not found in this <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>, 
the parent <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> is 
searched. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.242">getString</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.276"><DIV CLASS=screen> <P> <PRE> public final String getString(String key) throws MissingResourceException </PRE> </DIV></A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>key</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The key of the resource to retrieve. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>String</tt> object identified 
by <tt CLASS=literal>key</tt>. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>MissingResourceException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If the resource cannot be found. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns the named resource as a <tt CLASS=literal>String</tt> 
object. This method is a convenience routine that calls <tt CLASS=literal>getObject()</tt> 
and casts the result to a <tt CLASS=literal>String</tt> 
object. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.243">getStringArray</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.277"><DIV CLASS=screen> <P> <PRE> public final String[] getStringArray(String key) throws MissingResourceException </PRE> </DIV></A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>key</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The key of the resource to retrieve. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>String[]</tt> array identified 
by <tt CLASS=literal>key</tt>. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>MissingResourceException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If the resource cannot be found. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns the named resource as an array of <tt CLASS=literal>String</tt> 
objects. This method is a convenience routine that calls <tt CLASS=literal>getObject()</tt> 
and casts the result to a <tt CLASS=literal>String[]</tt> 
object. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.145">Protected Instance Methods</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.244">handleGetObject</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.278"><DIV CLASS=screen> <P> <PRE> protected abstract Object handleGetObject(String key) throws MissingResourceException </PRE> </DIV></A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>key</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The key of the resource to retrieve. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The resource that corresponds to this key. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>MissingResourceException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If the resource cannot be found. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns the resource that corresponds to the given key. This 
method is called directly by <tt CLASS=literal>getObject()</tt>, 
so it is called indirectly by <tt CLASS=literal>getMenu()</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>getMenuBar()</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>getString()</tt>, and <tt CLASS=literal>getStringArray()</tt>.

<P CLASS=para>
A subclass of <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
must provide an implementation for this method. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.245">setParent</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.279">protected void setParent(ResourceBundle parent)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>parent</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The new parent of this <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method sets the parent <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt> 
of this <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>. If 
a requested resource cannot be found in this <tt CLASS=literal>ResourceBundle</tt>, 
the parent is searched. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.146">Inherited Methods</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=informaltable>
<P>
<TABLE CLASS=INFORMALTABLE>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TH ALIGN="left">Method</TH>
<TH ALIGN="left">Inherited From</TH>
<TH ALIGN="left">Method</TH>
<TH ALIGN="left">Inherited From</TH>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>clone()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>equals(Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>finalize()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>getClass()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>hashCode()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>notify()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>notifyAll()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>toString()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>wait()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>wait(long)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>wait(long, int)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.147">See Also</A></h2>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Enumeration</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>ListResourceBundle</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>Locale</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>PropertyResourceBundle</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>String</tt> 
</DIV>


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